Effects of Color on Memory Encoding and Retrieval in the Classroom
نویسندگان
چکیده
We investigated whether retrieval would be best when study materials and tests are printed on the same colored paper, consistent with the encoding specificity principle. Undergraduates read a passage printed on red or green paper (Experiment 1) or white paper (Experiment 2), and took a test printed on red or green paper (Experiment 1) or white, blue, green, yellow, or pink paper (Experiment 2). ANOVAs revealed no significant interaction and no significant effect of the test’s paper color (p > .05), but a small effect of the passage’s paper color did very closely approach statistical significance (p = .052). Participants who studied material on green paper outperformed those who studied material on red paper. These findings suggest that educators using different colors to distinguish test versions will not negatively impact students’ performance, but that the color of study materials will affect the amount retained.
منابع مشابه
The effect of acute restraint stress and dexamethasone on retrieval of long-term memory in rats: an interaction with opiate system
This study investigated whether application of acute restraint stress or dexamethasone, as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, impaired retrieval of long-term memory and if pretreatment with opiate antagonist naloxone blocked their effects on memory retrieval. Young adult male rats were trained in one trial inhibitory avoidance task (1 mA, 1.5 s foot shock). On retention test given 48 hr after t...
متن کاملThe effect of acute restraint stress and dexamethasone on retrieval of long-term memory in rats: an interaction with opiate system
This study investigated whether application of acute restraint stress or dexamethasone, as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, impaired retrieval of long-term memory and if pretreatment with opiate antagonist naloxone blocked their effects on memory retrieval. Young adult male rats were trained in one trial inhibitory avoidance task (1 mA, 1.5 s foot shock). On retention test given 48 hr after t...
متن کاملThe Effect of Acute Corticosterone Administration on Retrieval of Remote and Recent Memory in the Rat
Background and Objective: It is well known that stress and glucocorticoid, modulate memory processing, though the result is completely dependent on the time of stress induction. This study investigated the effect of acute corticosterone administration on memory retrieval of recent and remote memory in a 4 trials/day (low- intensity learning) or 8 trials/ day (high- intensity learning) Morris wa...
متن کاملCentral mineralocorticoid receptors mediate impairing effects of corticosterone on memory retrieval in rats
Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that stress levels of glucocorticoid hormones induce impairment of long term memory retrieval, but the underlying mechanisms (genomic or non-genomic) are not clear. To clarify this issue, we investigated the involvement of brain corticosteroid receptors and protein synthesis in the glucocorticoid-induced impairment of memory retrieval. Methods: 140 ...
متن کاملAcute stress does not affect the impairing effect of chronic stress on memory retrieval
Objective(s): Due to the prevalence and pervasiveness of stress in modern life and exposure to both chronic and acute stresses, it is not clear whether prior exposure to chronic stress can influence the impairing effects of acute stress on memory retrieval. This issue was tested in this study. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: control,...
متن کاملThe effect of isoflurane anesthesia on memory
Memory and learning are considered as the most complicated and important processes of behavioral sciences. On the other hand, considering the wide .and progressively increasing applications of anesthetic agents all over the world, it is of great importance to have a reasonable knowledge regarding their effects on the memory process and its retrieval. The main purpose of this study was to evalua...
متن کامل